Cardiovascular
Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) health — why we look at these together
Diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, kidney disease, and excess weight aren't separate conditions — they're different expressions of a single underlying process. A plain-language guide to the cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) framework and what it means for how we look after you in primary care.
Chronic kidney disease — delaying it, not just diagnosing it
A plain-language guide to chronic kidney disease — why it goes undetected for so long, the KDIGO staging system, the causes (metabolic and non-metabolic), age-related kidney decline, and the four-pillar treatment approach that genuinely changes the trajectory of the disease.
Cholesterol and statins — what you need to know
A plain-language guide to cholesterol, cardiovascular risk, and the medications we use to lower it — including when to check for secondary causes, why LDL targets have become stricter, and why ongoing follow-up with your family doctor matters.